International standards for sustainable city development contribute to SDGs

The concept of "sustainable development" has been gradually developed and improved, reflecting the vision of all mankind for the coordinated development of economy, environment and society. In 1972, the first World Conference on human environment held by the United Nations in Stockholm proposed "for the interests of this generation and future generations" as the common belief and principle of mankind, which is an important source of the concept of sustainable development in the future. In 1980, the United Nations called on the world to study the basic relationships in natural, social, ecological, economic and natural processes to ensure global sustainable development. In 1983, the United Nations established the World Commission on environment and development, and published a research report entitled "our common future" in 1987, which formally put forward the concept of sustainable development: development that meets the needs of contemporary people and does not endanger the ability of future generations to meet their needs. Marked by the 1992 United Nations Conference on environment and development and the 2002 World Summit on sustainable development, sustainable development moves from concept to strategy and implementation, and further defines the concept of sustainable development and the connotation of its strategy, that is, economic growth, social progress and environmental protection are the three pillars of sustainable development, and social and economic development must be combined with environmental protection, To ensure the sustainable development of the world and the prosperity of mankind. The 2012 United Nations Conference on sustainable development took "green economy in the context of sustainable development and poverty eradication" and "institutional framework for promoting sustainable development" as two major themes, and "assessing the progress and gaps in sustainable development", "actively responding to new problems and challenges" and "making new political commitments" as three major objectives to further promote global Regional and national sustainable development.

The United Nations Summit on the post-2015 development agenda held from September 25 to 27, 2015 considered and adopted "changing our world: 2030 agenda for sustainable development", which clearly put forward 17 goals for global sustainable development by 2030.

Among them, Goal 11, building inclusive, safe and disaster resistant sustainable cities and human settlements, further puts forward the specific objectives of sustainable development of cities and communities.

Cities are the keys to promote sustainable development

By the end of 2020, 56.1% of the world's population will live in cities. It is estimated that 6.3 billion of the world's population of about 9.3 billion will live in cities by 2050; Secondly, cities occupy 3% of land, consume 75% of the world's natural resources, emit 50% of waste and 70% of greenhouse gases, and produce more than 80% of GDP. Cities have become the key to promoting the sustainable development of human society. In the 21st century, China has entered a stage of rapid urbanization. By the end of 2020, China's urban population accounts for 63.89% of the total population. We are facing diverse, complex and serious challenges such as economic transformation and upgrading, unbalanced social development and great pressure on resources and environment. The party and the state attach great importance to urban sustainable development. In 2013, the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC National Congress issued the decision of the CPC Central Committee on several major issues of comprehensively deepening reform, requiring "adhering to the new urbanization road with Chinese characteristics"; In 2014, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council issued the national new urbanization plan (2014-2020), which put forward the development goals of "steadily improving the level and quality of urbanization, more optimizing the urbanization pattern, scientific and reasonable urban development model, harmonious and pleasant urban life, and constantly improving the urbanization system and mechanism". In December 2015, the central urban work conference was held again after 36 years, putting forward the requirements of "building a harmonious, livable, dynamic and distinctive modern city, and walking out of a distinctive urban development path". In September 2016, President Xi Jinping proposed in the opening speech of the G20 Hangzhou summit that we should implement the sustainable development agenda for 2030 and promote inclusive development. In 2019, the Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee conducted a special study on promoting the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity from the overall and long-term perspective of the cause of the party and the country, providing a fundamental and scientific guide for establishing and improving the modern urban governance system that comprehensively reflects the new development concept. On 2020, general secretary Xi Jinping pointed out in his speech at the Pudong 30th Anniversary Conference on development and opening up. "We should improve the modernization of urban governance and create a new situation in people's urban construction. We should explore the development path of mega cities with Chinese characteristics, reflect the characteristics of the times and highlight the advantages of China's socialist system; strive to solve the most direct and realistic interests of the people, constantly improve the balance and quality of public services; and manage the whole life cycle The concept runs through all links of the whole process of urban planning, construction and management. "Therefore, the city is the key to implementing the sustainable development strategy.

Standards are the key technical tools to promote urban sustainable development

Standard is a management and technical tool to support urban governance and an effective tool to achieve the strategic goal of sustainable development. ISO develops international standards for the United Nations sustainable development goals. More than 20000 international standards proposed by ISO support the United Nations sustainable development goals from different angles. Some international standards directly correspond to specific goals, as shown in the figure:

In terms of economy, standards are the main driving force and technical basis for promoting economic development, international trade and innovation; In terms of society, standards are an important technical means to promote the equalization of public services such as education, employment, medical treatment and social security and maintain social stability and security; In terms of environment, standards are the basis for formulating national environmental policies, the concrete embodiment of national environmental policies and the basic guarantee for the implementation of environmental protection laws and regulations. The urban sustainable development standard can provide management and evaluation tools for all kinds of cities, help stakeholders understand the current situation of urban development, identify sustainability problems and gaps, and learn from urban development experience. International organizations and countries all over the world generally attach importance to the standardization of urban sustainable development.

In September 2016, President Xi Jinping proposed in his congratulations to the thirty-ninth ISO conference, "to explore the positive role of standardization in improving global governance and promoting sustainable development, and to contribute to creating a better future for mankind." therefore, standards are the key technical means to promote city's sustainable development.

The theme of world standardization day in 2021 is "standards promote sustainable development and build a better world". The three international standardization organizations of ISO, IEC and ITU clearly put forward the "United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (sdgs) in their message It aims at addressing social imbalances, sustainable economic development and mitigating the rate of climate change. Achieving this goal requires the cooperation of many public and private partners and the use of all available tools, including international standards and conformity assessment. "

China's participation in international standardization of urban sustainable development

Since the establishment of ISO / TC 268 sustainable urban development in 2012, the National Standardization Management Committee has attached great importance to it and approved the China Institute of standardization, China Urban Science Research Association and the ecological environment research center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences to jointly carry out counterpart work. In 2017, with the approval of the National Standardization Management Committee, SAC / TC 567 National Standardization Technical Committee for sustainable urban development was established, with China Institute of standardization as the Secretariat and corresponding to ISO / TC 268. Under the guidance of the National Standardization Management Committee, China Institute of standardization has integrated domestic research forces and actively participated in the international standardization of urban sustainable development.

One is to achieve great strides in the international standardization of urban sustainable development. By the end of July 2021, four Chinese experts had served as WG / TG conveners of ISO / TC 268, accounting for 28.57% of ISO / TC 268; China has led (jointly led) the formulation (under research) of 18 international standards for urban sustainable development, accounting for 37.5% of the 48 international standards formulated (under research) by ISO / TC 268. China has become a core country in the international standardization of urban sustainable development.

Second, bilateral cooperation on sustainable urban development has yielded rich results. Since 2015, a Sino-French working group on sustainable development standards for business districts has been established under the Sino-French bilateral cooperation mechanism to carry out cooperation on sustainable development standardization of business districts. ISO 37108 was jointly proposed and approved in December 2018. Since 2017, under the mechanism of China UK standardization cooperation committee, it has jointly promoted the development of international standards such as ISO 37106 and ISO 37114 with British BSI.

Third, with the support of the international organization for Standardization (ISO), the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the National Standardization Management Committee (SAC) and the French National Agency for Standardization (AFNOR), Hangzhou was supported to establish the International Smart Sustainable City Club (ISSCC). The secretariat was located in Hangzhou. By the end of July 2021, ISSCC had 36 member cities at home and abroad. ISSCC is becoming a bridge and platform for exchanges and cooperation between cities at home and abroad.

Fourth, organize and carry out the "demonstration and creation activities of standard international innovative cities". By the end of 2021, Shenzhen, Baotou, Zhuhai, Hangzhou, Taizhou and Guangzhou have participated in the demonstration and creation activities. Through participating in the demonstration and creation activities, all cities have innovated the standardization work system and mechanism, effectively supported the improvement of urban governance capacity and effectively promoted the improvement of international standardization capacity.

The international standardization of urban sustainable development has achieved remarkable results

First, contribute "China wisdom" and "China Program" to the global implementation of the United Nations sustainable development goals. International standards for sustainable urban development are an important guarantee and theoretical basis for achieving the sustainable development goals of the United Nations, and play a guiding role in modern urban governance. Through leading the formulation of international standards, China's experience and cases in promoting urban sustainable development are written into international standards, promoted to the world and realized the output of soft power.

The second is to build a platform for urban exchanges and cooperation at home and abroad with standards as the link. Through the implementation of international standards for sustainable urban development, the International Smart Sustainable City Club (ISSCC) has effectively promoted the sharing of management experience and mutual learning of innovation initiatives among 36 member cities, promoted the urban innovation management ability of members of the "international alliance of cities", and provided a "sample" for the standards of urban sustainable development management system.

Third, build a bridge of exchanges and cooperation between Chinese, French and British cities through bilateral cooperation. The Sino French business district standardization cooperation on sustainable development launched in 2015 has effectively promoted the cooperation between Beijing future science city and Paris velizi, France, and promoted the exchange and cooperation between Paris Versailles and Beijing Changping in economy, trade, science, technology and culture. In 2020, the Sino British prosperity fund project "pilot study on international standards for sustainable development of small and medium-sized cities" was launched. An expert team formed by China Institute of standardization and British Standards Association guided the pilot application of international standards such as ISO 37101 and ISO 37104 in four pilot cities in China, and communicated with cities of similar scale and industrial types in the UK.